The coordination sphere of a coordination compound or complex consists of the central metal atom/ion plus its attached ligands. The coordination sphere is usually enclosed in brackets when written in a formula. The coordination number is the number of donor atoms bonded to the central metal atom/ion.
A coordination compound is any molecule that contains a coordination complex. The donor atom is the atom within a ligand that is bonded to the central atom or ion. Coordination complexes can undergo a variety of reactions, including electron transfer, ligand exchange, and associative processes.

Application Of Coordination Compounds Daily Life
Application Of Coordination Compounds In Industry
Application Of Coordination Compounds In Agriculture
Application Of Coordination Compounds Daily Life Hd
Application Of Coordination Compounds Class 12

Due to tetrahedral coordination by weak-field sulfur ligands, the iron is high spin in both the Fe 3 + and Fe 2 + oxidation states, which results in similar structures for the oxidized and reduced forms of the Fe–S complexes. Consequently, only small structural changes occur after oxidation or reduction of the Fe–S center, which results in. Among them, coordination compounds also play a key role in serving humanity as these compounds have a wide range of applications in health care from antimicrobial to anticancer, bioengineering, bio-mimetic models, catalysis, photosensitized materials etc. Along with development of stable coordination compounds, their extensive structural. The structures of certain coordination compounds can also have isomers, which can change their interactions with other chemical agents. The binding between metal and ligands is studied in metals, tetrahedral, and octahedral structures. There are many pharmaceutical and biological applications of coordination complexes and their isomers.

Platinum Metals Rev., 2004, 48, (3), 101

doi:10.1595/147106704x1621

Applications of Coordination Complexes

Application Of Coordination Compounds Daily Life

COMPREHENSIVE COORDINATION CHEMISTRY II. from biology to nanotechnology Volume 9 APPLICATIONS OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY

Elsevier,
Amsterdam, 2003, 876 pages, ISBN 0-08-0443311 (Volume 9); ISBN 0-08-0437486 (Set), U.S. $ 5975, €6274 per Set

This 9th volume in the set of books: “Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II”, covers applications of coordination chemistry and has an ambitious remit: to survey the developments in the applications of coordination chemistry since 1982. It follows on from the review of Volume 6, published in our April issue (1).

Coordination Complexes as Catalysts

The first half of the book focuses on the use of coordination complexes as catalysts for a diverse range of organic reactions. Chapters on supported metal complexes and combinatorial catalysis are also included in this half of the book.

Chapter 1, covering catalysts for polymerisation, is not an area where platinum group metal (pgm) complexes would be expected to dominate. There is, however, an interesting section on the re-emergence of Ru initiators for polymerisation. The use of Ru complexes (some now commercially available) for ring opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) of cyclic alkenes is discussed.

Chapter 2 by C. Pettinari, F. Marchetti and D. Martini covers metal complexes as hydrogenation catalysts with, naturally, a heavy emphasis on enantioselective reactions. I liked this chapter with its focus on mechanism and careful choice of example to demonstrate each point. Work which has become of industrial importance is covered together with proper discussion of Noyori's ground breaking design and synthesis of RuCl₂(diphosphine)(1,2-diamine) catalysts. The second half of the chapter concentrates on new developments and covers hydrogenation and enantioselective hydrogenation in aqueous systems and in supercritical CO₂, and biphasic catalysis amongst other topics. Additionally hydrogenation by Os and Ru cluster complexes is also discussed.

Metal complexes as catalysts for the addition of carbon monoxide is the focus of Chapter 3. This is obviously a huge area and the authors (P. W. N. M. van Leeuwen and C. Claver) have concentrated on work which explicitly uses coordination complexes rather than materials prepared in situ. Additionally they cite a large number of review articles. The chapter begins by discussing the BP Cativa^™ process (2) where Ir has found advantage over Rh for the carbonylation of methanol. A large section on hydroformylation covers Pt^IISnCl₂/phosphines as well as the extensive Rh chemistry dominated by phosphine or phosphite ligand systems. Drent's work with Pd is also included. Asymmetric hydroformylation with these types of systems is dealt with in separate sections. The development of thermoplastics has required the copolymerisation of alkenes and carbon monoxide; and the use of Pd complexes with chelating bidentate phosphine ligands, amongst others, is surveyed. The chapter concludes with sections on reductive carbonylation of nitro groups and the use of Pd complexes for hydroxy- and methoxycarbonylation.

In Chapter 4, T. Katsuki discusses metal complexes as catalysts for oxygen-, nitrogen- and carbon-atom transfer to alkenes. Ru metalloporphyrin and metallosalene complexes feature as catalysts for chiral epoxidation and mention is made of work where molecular oxygen is the oxidant. Ru^II salen complexes have been found to be efficient catalysts for aziridination. Os chemistry dominates the section on dihydroxylation. In particular complexes with diamine and bis-cinchona ligands have excellent enantioselectivity. The Sharpless and Carey mechanistic models are thoroughly covered. There is a large section on the use of Rh and Ru catalysts for inter- and intramolecular cyclopropanation.

The addition of H–X (X = B, CN, Si, N and P) to carbon-carbon multiple bonds is reviewed by M. K. Whittlesey in Chapter 5. The comprehensive section on hydroboration covers a lot of work with Rh catalysts – largely with phosphine ligands. Pd catalysts find favour for the addition of HB to alkynes and enyes. The section on hydrosilylation covers both Rh and Pt with a variety of chiral ligands and Pd with ferrocenyl phosphine ligands for the hydrosilylation of styrene. Rh and Ir are largely used for hydroamination, with some Pd phosphine systems suitable for activated alkenes.

Chapter 6 (metal complexes as catalysts for C–C cross-coupling reactions) by I. P. Beletskaya and A. V. Cheprakov, is possibly the best of all; a good introduction describes the various methods of cross-coupling. It is clearly laid out with discussion on leaving groups, activation of reagents and catalysts. There is a pleasing emphasis on the rationale behind the design of catalysts. Most of the work focuses on Pd although Ni is not neglected.

In Chapter 7, J. F. Hartwig describes metal complexes as catalysts for carbon heteroatom cross-coupling reactions, and not surprisingly reveals a huge emphasis on Pd in every type of reaction. The majority of the reactions discussed are aminations, but C–O, C–S, C–P and C–;Se reactions are also included. The discussion of reaction intermediates at the end of the chapter is particularly interesting and it was a shame that more detailed discussions on individual reactions is beyond the scope of the chapter.

S. Kobayashi, Y. Mori and Y. Yamashita in Chapter 8 cover the use of metal complexes as Lewis acid catalysts in organic synthesis. In general, pgm coordination complexes do not play an important role in this area. However, it was interesting to learn that a Ag⁺BINAP complex has been found to activate aldehydes and imines effectively allowing asymmetric allylations, aldol reactions and Mannich-type reactions to proceed in high yield with high selectivity. Additionally both Ag(I) and Au (I) ferrocenylphosphine complexes promote asymmetric aldol reactions of α-isocyanocarboxylates to form chiral oxazolines.

Although some of the preceding chapters briefly mention immobilisation, Chapter 9 by F. Quignard and A. Choplin reviews supported metal complexes. Most of the supports covered are conventional but new advances including dendrimers and meso-structured materials are mentioned. I felt that the newer approaches could have been covered in a little more detail but I liked